The aviation sector is actively seeking alternatives to conventional jet fuel to reduce its environmental impact. One of the most promising solutions is Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)
Aviation’s Shift Toward Sustainable Fuels and Hybrid Technologies
Produced from renewable sources such as algae, vegetable oils, and waste materials. SAF can cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80% compared to traditional jet fuel and is compatible with current aircraft engines, allowing for smooth integration into existing operations.
In 2024, SAF made up approximately 0.3% of global jet fuel consumption—double the share in 2023 but still below earlier projections of around 0.53%. The shortfall stems largely from delays in scaling up production. Several major SAF facilities, especially in the U.S., postponed production ramp-ups to 2025, which affected supply forecasts. Europe also faced setbacks in meeting climate targets due to production issues.
Cost remains a significant barrier—SAF is currently three to five times more expensive per gallon than conventional jet fuel. However, experts suggest that with effective carbon pricing and increased output, SAF could reach cost parity with traditional fuels later this decade, paving the way for broader adoption.
Beyond biofuels, hybrid-electric propulsion systems are under development to further enhance efficiency and cut emissions. Airbus, for example, is testing its E-Fan X hybrid-electric aircraft, with aspirations for a 100-passenger model in the 2030s. While fully electric long-haul flights remain out of reach due to battery limitations, hybrid technologies mark an important step forward in sustainable aviation.
The Cruise Industry’s Journey Toward Greener Voyages
Traditionally reliant on heavy fuel oil, the cruise industry faces notable environmental challenges. In response, companies are investing in cleaner technologies and alternative energy sources. Hurtigruten, for instance, plans to launch the first zero-emission electric cruise ship by 2030, powered by batteries and renewable energy. However, challenges like the need for robust charging infrastructure persist.
Norway has led the way in sustainable cruising, initially mandating zero-emission cruise ships in its World Heritage fjords by 2026. Due to technological limitations, this deadline was extended to 2032 for larger vessels. Companies like Havila Voyages and Hurtigruten are already implementing eco-friendly technologies such as battery power and hybrid-electric systems to meet these stringent requirements.
Challenges and the Path Forward
Despite these advancements, several obstacles remain. High development costs, the need for extensive infrastructure upgrades, and the challenge of scaling new technologies are hurdles both the aviation and cruise industries must address. As Royal Caribbean CEO Michael Bayley noted, there is no “magical fuel” that will instantly resolve the industry’s environmental concerns. Decisions must be guided by the best available information, which continues to evolve.
Nonetheless, the commitment to biofuels and hybrid technologies signals an important shift toward a more sustainable future. As research and innovation progress, these efforts are expected to significantly reduce the environmental footprint of air and sea travel.
Here's short Video prepared by Air Canada on the SAF lifecycle:
Article by Angela Jeffreys and Marc Geuzinge, Co-Founders, Gin & Tonic Travel
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Sources:
Lonely PlanetThe Guardian+1Condé Nast Traveler+1
https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/green-jet-fuel-production-could-miss-2030-targets-bcg-report-says-2025-03-27/?utm_source=chatgpt.com